徐建超 醫師
Jianchao Xu M.D.
現任：
紐約詹姆斯彼得VA醫學中心（James J Peters VA Medical Center）腎科主治醫師
紐約西奈山醫學院（Mount Sinai School of Medicine）醫學助理教授
反強摘器官醫師協會（DAFOH）醫務主任
學歷：
中國衡陽醫學院醫學博士（M.D.）
耶魯大學醫學院（Yale University）博士（Ph.D）
經歷：
曾任耶魯大學醫學院助理教授，期間擔任住院醫師，獲腎臟病學培訓獎學金，並完成博士後研究。至今已在同儕審查之期刊發表30多篇腎臟疾病相關文章。
The Existing Circumstances of Organ Transplant in U.S.A..
美國的器官移植現況
Jianchao Xu, M.D., Ph.D.
Assistant professor, Department of Medicine
Mount Sinai School of Medicine, NYC
Staff Physician, Department of Medicine
James J Peters Veteran Administration Hospital
130 West Kingsbridge Road
Bronx, NY 10468
130 West Kingsbridge Road
Bronx, NY 10468
To address the nation's critical organ donation shortage and improve the organ matching and placement process, the United States Congress, under the National Organ Transplant Act (NOTA), established The Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) in 1984. The act called for the network to be operated by a private, non-profit organization under federal contract. Since its inception, the OPTN has established a unique partnership between government and private enterprise that links all of the professionals involved in the organ transplantation system in the United States. The goals of the OPTN are to: (1) increase the effectiveness and efficiency of organ sharing and equity in the national system of organ allocation, and (2) increase the supply of donated organs available for transplantation. Under federal law, all U.S. transplant centers and organ procurement organizations must be members of the OPTN to receive any funds through Medicare.
The United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) administers the OPTN under contract with the Health Resources and Services Administration of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. UNOS has developed a collaborative policy development, monitoring, and enforcement process for the OPTN, and also has systems in place for collecting medical data on all transplants nationwide, maintaining OPTN membership standards and reviewing membership applications.
The operation of the U.S. organ transplantation system relies on the cooperation of many people and highly sophisticated technology. The most important aspect of the process is the source of organ, which is solely dependent on gifts of selfless generosity from donors and families who have chosen to prolong life of others through organ donation. But there is a critical shortage of organ donations and ever-increasing patients on the waiting list. There appears to be no immediate solution to this dilemma.
Discussion will be focused on kidney transplant. Similar to other organ transplant programs, shortage of kidney donation is the major bottle-neck for patients with end-stage renal disease. The number of candidates on the waiting list continues to increase each year, while organ donations remain relatively unchanged. There appears that many kidneys recovered for transplant are discarded. Living donation rates have been essentially unchanged for the past decade, despite several initiatives aimed at improving living donation. Transplant longevity continues to improve for both living and deceased donor recipients. Measures to increase kidney donation and improve the transplant outcome will be discussed.
